流感和新型冠状病毒肺炎的异同

Lea西班牙语版

的 viruses that cause the 流感 和 新型冠状病毒肺炎 are not the same, 和 the diseases are different, too. 但它们有很多共同点，包括你可以保护自己的方法.

You can imagine the viruses as different kinds of dangerous animals – but "both can bite you,“博士说. Priya Sampathkumar, head of the infection control program at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.

更准确地说，流感是由几种不同的病毒株引起的. 甲型流感和乙型流感是引发流感季节的两种流感. 新型冠状病毒肺炎 is caused by a virus called SARS-CoV-2, which was first identified in late 2019.

的 疾病控制和预防中心 流感和新型冠状病毒肺炎的症状从轻微到严重不等. Both illnesses can cause fatigue, body aches, fever, chills, coughing or headache. Shortness of breath, runny nose 和 loss of taste or smell are more common with 新型冠状病毒肺炎.

单从症状, “真的没有好方法来区分流感和COVID感染,”Sampathkumar说.

她说，两者的传播方式相似. 两种病毒都在上呼吸道繁殖. When people who are infected cough or speak, virus-laden respiratory droplets are expelled. 吸入这些颗粒的人可能会生病.

But SARS-CoV-2 is more contagious than the 流感 viruses, 她说, partly because it's new to humans. “因为流感已经存在很长线上电子游戏飞禽走兽了, most of us are partially immune either by vaccination or through previous exposures to 流感, 这就是为什么我们大多数人不会生病的原因."

这两种病毒都可以在感染者出现症状之前传播. 疾病预防控制中心 says a person infected with 新型冠状病毒肺炎 could be contagious about two days before having symptoms compared to one day for most people with the 流感. And people with 新型冠状病毒肺炎 could be contagious longer from the onset of symptoms – at least 10 days as opposed to seven days with the 流感.

这两种疾病都是致命的, 冠状病毒自出现以来造成了更大的破坏. 在 2018 - 2019年流感季节, in流感enza caused 34,157 deaths in the United States,根据 CDC estimates. 2020年，新型冠状病毒肺炎是美国345323例死亡的根本原因.S.,根据 临时的疾病控制和预防中心的数据.

此外，这些疾病对人群的影响也不平等. "Probably the major difference between 流感 和 COVID is the behavior of the disease in very young children,”Sampathkumar说. “非常年幼的儿童似乎不太可能感染COVID." Flu, on the other h和, "actually tends to make very young children very sick."

美国疾病控制和预防中心列表 几个基本条件 使人更有可能因新型冠状病毒肺炎患上严重疾病. 心脏病就是其中之一. 德博拉·权(Deborah Kwon)是克利夫兰诊所的心脏病专家和心脏MRI主任.

"的re have been multiple studies looking at predictors of those who had severe infection, 加护病房, 住院和死亡,”她说. "And cardiovascular disease was one of the strong independent risk factors for severe complications 和 mortality related to COVID."

这两种病毒也对心脏和大脑构成严重威胁. 2018年的一项研究 新英格兰医学杂志 found the risk of heart attack was six times higher in the week after someone was diagnosed with the 流感. 新型冠状病毒肺炎, 心脏损伤 可能发生. 流感与一种 中风风险更高，就像新型冠状病毒肺炎一样.

权教授表示:“流感和新冠病毒会在体内引发类似的反应. 每种疾病都“使免疫系统敏感或加速”," triggering inflammatory responses as the body's defense mechanisms try to eradicate the invaders.

这两种病毒也会导致血小板过度活跃, 或额外的粘性, 导致血块, Kwon说.

幸运的是，类似的措施可以预防这两种疾病. Wearing a mask 和 physical distancing helps stop the spread of respiratory viruses. 经常洗手至少20秒也是如此.

还有疫苗.

疾病预防控制中心 推荐线上电子游戏飞禽走兽 12岁以上的人都可以. 三种疫苗 目前是否适用于不同年龄的人群, 食品和药物管理局的顾问小组是 将满足 将于本月晚些时候审查辉瑞公司针对5至11岁儿童的疫苗数据. 疫苗有助于降低人们生病的风险, 特别是严重的疾病会导致住院和死亡.

疾病预防控制中心 also recommends almost everyone 6 months 和 older get a 流感 shot by the end of October. 有心脏病的人, the 流感 vaccine can lower the risk of dying from heart problems 和 any other cause, 根据今年3月发表在《线上娱乐电子游戏网站》杂志上的一项研究 美国心脏协会杂志.

流感毒株在进化，所以疫苗每年都要重新配制. This year's vaccines are designed to protect against the four 流感 viruses most likely to spread during the upcoming season.

但困惑依然存在. 根据一项 最近的网上调查 1000 U的.S. 这项研究是为美国心脏协会进行的, 27%的人错误地认为接种疫苗会感染流感. 12%的人认为不能同时接种线上电子游戏飞禽走兽和流感疫苗. 但是你可以，疾控中心说. 两者你都需要.

"的 新型冠状病毒肺炎 vaccine isn't going to give you any cross-protection from the 流感, 流感疫苗根本不能保护你不感染COVID,”Sampathkumar说.

在一起, 他们提供了额外的保护, 她说, 因为“每次你感染了, 这会削弱你的身体，让你更容易受到其他感染. 所以我们想保护你不受这两种情况的影响."

Getting either disease carries much greater risk overall than any of the extremely rare complications from the 新型冠状病毒肺炎 和 流感 疫苗本身. And they do more than help protect the vaccinated person – they protect the health of those around them.

In that sense, Kwon说, both vaccinations are about "wanting to care for 和 love our neighbors."

Sampathkumar同意.

"If you're young 和 healthy, it's true that you may not get very ill from in流感enza,”她说. “但是通过接种疫苗, you reduce the chances that you'll have a mild or asymptomatic infection 和 pass it on to others.这可以保护那些对疫苗反应不佳的人, 比如老年人或免疫功能低下的人.

因此，桑帕库玛说:“不仅为自己，也为他人。."

Editor's note: Because of the rapidly evolving events surrounding the coronavirus, the facts 和 advice presented in this story may have changed since publication. 访问的心.Org网站获取最新报道, 和 check with the 疾病控制和预防中心 和 local health officials for the most recent guidance.

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